Cromoglycate and Mechanism

Cromolyn (INN)–also known as cromolyn (USAN), cromolyn (formerly BAN) or cromolyn has traditionally been described as a mast cell stabilizer, often as the sodium salt cromolyn sodium or cromolyn sodium Sale.This drug prevents mast cells from releasing inflammatory chemicals such as histamine.Cromolyn has been a non-corticosteroid treatment option for asthma and has largely been replaced by leukotriene receptor antagonists due to its convenience (and safety profile).Cromolyn needs to be administered four times daily and does not provide additional benefit when combined with inhaled corticosteroids.

• Prepare

• Cromolyn comes in various forms:

• As a nasal spray (Rynacrom (UK), Lomusol (France), Nasalcrom (only over-the-counter, US), Prevalin (non-direct, Netherlands)) for allergic rhinitis.

• In a nebulizer solution for aerosol administration in the treatment of asthma.

• As an inhaler (Intal,Fisons Pharmaceuticals, UK) for the preventive management of asthma.King Pharmaceuticals, the manufacturer of Intal,has discontinued production of the inhalation form of cromolyn sodium inhalation aerosol because of the CFC-free propellants involved.Due to depleted stocks, this inhaler formulation will no longer be available to patients.In the EU, Sanofi produces CFC-free, but US residents must import it from Canada or Mexico.

• As eye drops (Opticrom and Optrex Allergy (UK), Crolom, Cromolyn (Canada) for allergic conjunctivitis.

• Oral forms (Gastrocrom, Nalcrom) for mastocytosis,mast cell activation syndrome,cutaneous urticaria, and ulcerative colitis. Another oral product Intercron (sodium cromolyn in distilled water from Zambon, France) for food allergies.

Mechanism

“Cromolyn works because it prevents the release of mediators that would normally attract inflammatory cells,and because it stabilizes inflammatory cells.The MCT mast cells found in the mucosa are stabilized.”Nedocromil is another hypertrophic Cell stabilizers, which may also be used to control asthma.The underlying mechanism of action is not fully understood; because although cromolyn can stabilize mast cells, this mechanism may not be responsible for its role in asthma.Pharmaceutical companies have produced 20 related compounds that are equally or more potent at stabilizing mast cells, but none have shown any anti-asthma effects.These are more likely to act by inhibiting sensory C-fiber responses to stimuli capsaicin, suppressing local axonal reflexes associated with asthma, and possibly inhibiting the release of preformed T cell cytokines and mediators associated with asthma. effect.It is known to inhibit chloride channels to a limited extent (37% ± 7%)[9] and thus may inhibit:Stimulation of stimulatory receptors on sensory nerve endings triggers neuronal hyperreflexia (eg, exercise-induced asthma)Release of preformed cytokines from several types of inflammatory cells (T cells, eosinophils) in allergen-induced asthmaFinally, it may work by inhibiting calcium influx.Cromolyn is classified as a chromone.Cromolyn is also used as a drug in combination with ibuprofen to treat insulin-induced lipoatrophy and Alzheimer’s disease.Cromoglycate is also known to bind S100P proteins and disrupt the interaction with RAGE.